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Newbury College University Centre Newbury (UCN) Lecturer in Graphic Design Program: Higher National Certificate/Diploma (HNC/D) Graphic Design Unit Name of Module Level 14 Graphic Design Practice Higher National Certificate Lvl 4 45 Web Design Higher National Diploma Lvl 5 60 Digital Animation Higher National Diploma Lvl 5 Newbury College is a further education institution located in Newbury, Berkshire, England. It offers various educational programs to provide students with practical skills and knowledge to prepare them for future careers or further studies. Newbury College offers a range of undergraduate-level qualifications designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge necessary for their future careers or further academic pursuits. Newbury College's undergraduate-level qualifications are designed to provide students with a comprehensive education that combines theoretical knowledge with practical skills. By offering a variety of pathways, the college prepares students for successful careers or further academic pursuits, ensuring they are well-equipped to meet the demands of the modern workforce. Newbury College's vision: Newbury College aims to be a leading institution in further education. It is committed to providing high-quality learning experiences that empower students to achieve their personal and professional goals. Here’s an overview of the college's vision, particularly about its programs like the Higher National Certificate/Diploma (HNC/D) in Graphic Design: Excellence in Education  | Quality Learning + Innovative Curriculum) Student-Centric Approach  | Personal Development + Supportive Environment Industry Collaboration  | Partnerships + Work Experience Opportunities Community Engagement  | Local Impact + Lifelong Learning Global Perspective | Diverse Learning Environment + International Opportunities Eugenie's experience at Newbury College (UCN) was highly commendable. The institution provides excellent opportunities for collaboration between graphic design students and commercial enterprises, fostering meaningful connections that enhance both the educational experience and industry engagement. The learners at Newbury College are enthusiastic, open-minded, and eager to change their career paths. The school is also equipped with rich resources for graphic design students. Eugenie collaborated with outstanding colleagues who offered valuable feedback on my PhD research. The team at Newbury College (UCN) possesses strong academic backgrounds and is enthusiastic about sharing knowledge with one another. Although the work experience lasted only a year, I greatly missed the excellent learning environment it provided. Programs Offered : Vocational Courses : A variety of vocational courses in fields such as business, health and social care, creative arts, and technology. A Levels : Traditional A Level courses for students aiming to progress to university. Apprenticeships : Opportunities for students to gain hands-on experience while earning qualifications in various industries. Supportive Learning Environment : Newbury College emphasizes a supportive and inclusive atmosphere, fostering personal and academic growth. Small class sizes allow for personalized attention from instructors, enhancing the learning experience. Facilities : The college is equipped with modern facilities, including specialized classrooms, laboratories, and workshops that reflect industry standards. Access to libraries and study spaces supports student learning and research. Career Services : Newbury College provides career guidance and support, helping students explore job opportunities and pathways for further education. Strong links with local businesses and industries facilitate internships and job placements. Community Engagement : The college actively engages with the local community through events, workshops, and partnerships. Encourages students to participate in community projects, enhancing their skills and employability. Further Education Pathways : Many students progress to higher education institutions after completing their courses at Newbury College, with support for university applications and interviews. Newbury College is dedicated to providing quality education and training that meets the needs of students and employers alike. With a focus on practical skills, personalized support, and community engagement, the college plays a vital role in the educational landscape of Berkshire, preparing students for successful futures. About Higher Nationals Graphic Design Undergraduate Level Qualifications Higher National Certificate and Higher National Diploma in Graphic Design Higher National Certificate Lvl 4 Higher National Diploma Lvl 5

Global Banking School (GBS) Lecturer in Digital Technologies Program: HND in Digital Technologies for England (Cyber Security) Following Units under the Certificate (Higher Nationals Digital Technologies for England): Unit Subject Level 01 Professional Practice 4 02 Innovation and Digital Transformation 4 05 Big Data and Visualisation 4 19 Business Intelligence 5 20 Internet of Things 5 21 Emerging Technologies 5 39 Digital Marketing 5 The Global Banking School (GBS) is recognized for its commitment to creating a diverse learning environment that fosters innovation and prepares students for the dynamic world of banking, finance and more (Digital Technologies). Their diverse learning environment attracts students from various backgrounds, cultures, and experiences, promoting inclusivity and a rich exchange of ideas. GBS emphasizes collaborative learning, allowing students to engage with peers from different perspectives. GBS's vision : The Global Banking School's (GBS) vision is to provide access to learning for everyone, regardless of background. GBS is a higher education provider with campuses in London, Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds. Their vision is to help students reach their academic and professional potential. GBS is committed to maintaining high standards of education and continuously reviewing and updating their curriculum.  GBS integrates modern teaching methods and technology into its curriculum, adapting to the evolving needs of the banking, finance, and digital technologies sectors to ensure its programs remain relevant and forward-thinking. GBS is committed to delivering an exceptional curriculum design that combines theoretical knowledge and practical skills, preparing students for real-world challenges. The institution also incorporates industry insights and case studies to enhance learning outcomes. From a global perspective, GBS equips students for international careers by addressing global banking trends and practices while promoting cross-cultural understanding and adaptability in an increasingly globalized economy. Eugenie's Experience with GBS: Having worked with this educational institution (GBS) for nearly a year, I have found that it offers a supportive student environment. GBS provides substantial assistance for extracurricular study skills, such as paraphrasing and referencing, and job opportunities with UK and other companies. GBS sets Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure overall performance as an educator, which helps set targets, track progress, identify areas for improvement, and adjust strategies accordingly. In addition, most students come from international backgrounds and are open-minded about the new learning environment and the knowledge they can gain. This prepared mindset makes it easier for teachers to engage students. The entire school is filled with enthusiastic learners, making GBS a happy and enjoyable place to study. Eugenie began working as a part-time lecturer at three educational institutions in the UK, and after nearly a year of exploration, GBS was selected as the best choice. This is why GBS stands out from a lecturer's perspective. The Global Banking School (GBS) is a higher education institution specializing in finance, banking, and business management. It aims to give students the skills and knowledge necessary for financial service careers. The Global Banking School aims to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in the competitive banking and finance industry, combining academic rigour with practical experience and industry connections. Programs Offered : Undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in banking, finance, and business. Professional development courses tailored for industry professionals. Industry Focus : GBS emphasizes practical experience and industry relevance in its curriculum. Collaborations with financial institutions to enhance learning opportunities. Accreditations : Programs may be accredited by relevant professional bodies, ensuring quality and recognition in the industry. GBS has partnered with carefully selected education providers, each of which helps to broaden what GBS has to offer its students: Bath Spa University, Canterbury Christ Church University, Pearson, Oxford Brookes University, University of Suffolk, Leeds Trinity University Career Support : Offers student support services, including internships, job placements, and networking opportunities with industry professionals. Global Perspective : Focuses on international banking and finance issues, preparing students for a global career in the sector. About Higher Nationals Digital Technologies for England Undergraduate Level Qualifications Higher National Certificate Lvl 4 Higher National Diploma Lvl 5 About Greenford Campus: (Reference: https://www.youtube.com/@gbsknowledge ) GBS has become a customer-centric, innovative educational institution by implementing a well-planned KPI (key performance indicators) system. (11 July 2024) GBS eclipses sector average in 2024 NSS results Global Banking School (GBS) has seen its reputation as a leading private provider of higher education boosted yet again, following the release of the National Student Survey (NSS) today Reference: https://globalbanking.ac.uk/news/gbs-eclipses-sector-average-in-2024-nss-results/ Global Banking School (GBS) has seen its reputation as a leading private provider of higher education boosted yet again, following the release of the 2024 National Student Survey (NSS). The Office for Students (OfS) has today released its NSS data for 2024, showing a considerable increase in satisfaction across almost all categories. Most notably, 93% of students were satisfied in the ‘teaching on my course’ category . This is a very high level of satisfaction and 7% above the average for the Higher Education sector as a whole. GBS also ranked significantly above the sector average across all categories in the survey with Organisation and Management 12% higher and Academic Support 10% higher than the average reported by the OfS. CEO of GBS, Professor Ray Lloyd, said the results demonstrate the success of GBS’ unique approach to learning. “We strive to change lives through education, and it is fantastic to see that our students are satisfied,” said Professor Lloyd. “These results also showed that our students consider their experience with us to be excellent and well ahead of the sector. “Our approach to higher education is a little different. We organise our delivery to meet the needs of our students, putting them at the centre of all we do. We emphasise flexibility and accessibility, allowing our students to study in a way that best suits them. “We cater to a largely mature-age cohort across Birmingham, Leeds, London and Manchester. “Many of our students already work full or part-time, have families and manage to fit their studies into this busy schedule. “We enable them to gain the skills they need to take the next step in their careers and become leaders in their field, whether this be in construction management, health and social sciences, business and management or banking and finance. “We welcome the data released today by the OfS, demonstrating the tangible impact we are having on students’ lives.”

The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science | Department of Marketing Tertiary Education | Lecturer I was responsible for two courses at Hang Seng University of Hong Kong. I met many knowledgeable colleagues there, and it is one of the friendliest work environments I have experienced. If I had to choose one university to work at as a permanent staff, I would select HSUHK. The first course I taught was BUS3003 (Advertising and Marketing Communication); with the help of the course leader, Dr. Fanny Chan , I started with handing one class per semester to handling five classes per semester. BUS3003 ( Advertising and Integrated Marketing Communication)  From a paradigm shift perspective, marketing promotion involves traditional theories and integrated marketing communication.  IMC is an approach that creates a seamless experience for customers' interaction with the brand.  IMC contains various components: advertising, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing, digital marketing, and social media.   Example of Student's assignment: https://www.eugenieshek.com/post/group-project-advertising-integrated-marketing-communication COM2001 (Graphic and Digital Design) I was honoured to be invited by the HSU Department of Computing to design and execute this course outline in 2020. Most students in the Department of Computing acquire skills in coding, machine learning, data analysis, and logical thinking. However, many graduates lack knowledge in composition, layout, and design, negatively impacting their projects' presentation quality. For instance, a student who excels in Python programming and statistics may struggle to create a visually compelling layout for their presentations. Given the prevalence of data analysis in the digital technologies industry, a basic understanding of graphic and digital design is essential. The Department of Computing sees the importance of basic graphic and digital design knowledge for better communication. The Overview: COM2201 Graphic and Digital Design is a three-credit, year 2 course for students from the Department of Computing. In this course, you will learn about communicating visually and gain hands-on experience producing graphic, web, and multimedia content for specific target audiences. Here are some highlights of the course: Recognize visuals, type and space as the building blocks of graphic design. Approach functional graphic design as capturing attention, controlling eye flow, conveying information and evoking emotion. Practice the research, brainstorming, conceptualizing, and sketching that go into practical design work. Demonstrate basic design and layout skills across various formats and platforms, from electronic to print. Apply the fundamentals of typography, color and visuals, such as photos and illustrations, to designs. Familiarize with prepress and pre-production processes. Make a habit of considering the ways visual and symbolic communications can be inclusive and mitigate bias and prejudice. Practice constructive design criticism. Produce some work for your portfolio, which can be used for future interviews for further studies and careers. Course Code Course COM 2201 Graphic and Digital Design Department of Computer Science BUS 3003 Advertising and Integrated Marketing Communication Department of Marketing About HSUHK | The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong (HSUHK) is a non-profit private liberal arts-oriented university in Hong Kong, offering a wide range of undergraduate and taught postgraduate degree programmes. Overview of HSUHK | HSUHK, formerly known as Hang Seng Management College and Hang Seng School of Commerce, has been a degree-granting institution since 2010. It officially became a private university with the approval from Hong Kong SAR Government in October 2018. Student's classwork about HSUHK and the course:

Project | Representation of Muslims in Patriotic Hindi Films produced in the BJP era Student | Sharma Jyoti Course | DPAM6021 Visualising Cultures Assignment | Develop a visual analysis based on at least one of the suggested areas in a research context (The Other, The Self and Role & Consequence of changes), which means that student should collect, evaluate and interpret a range of primary and secondary source materials using relevant visual research method(s), and exhibit originality in making critical arguments about the visual materials sampled. Write up and report the research process and findings in a research paper which supports and justifies the idea and the development of the visual artefact and reflects on the project's outcome after its completion. Choose a visual form or medium (e.g. a photo essay, a photo montage, a comic strip, an animation, a slideshow, a website, a video, etc.) which makes use of new media technologies to critically present and respond to the arguments developed from the research and create (and/or deploy) visual logics/ arguments. School | HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education Program | Postgraduate Diploma in Media and Cultural Critique Introduction Since the establishment of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) as the ruling party in India, the country has witnessed a shift in its national manifesto into a singular one that advocates religion as its political ideology in the form of Hindutva, “ an  ideology  that sought to define Indian culture in terms of Hindu values” (Britannica, 2021).  One benefit of this translation of a religious majority (Hindus) in politics is to create a political majority and gain electoral benefits. It is important to note its Manichean character in dividing people which in this case is: the insiders (the religious majority) and the outsiders (the religious minorities). This agenda is communicated in various forms including popular cinema, “the language for a new form of politics” ( Nandy, 1998, 12 ). After all, what better way to evoke patriotism than through a form that is loved and consumed by the masses: Bollywood. In films, political agendas are conveyed in their narrative. In this essay, I intend to research Bollywood films produced with themes of patriotism post BJP establishment. Such films promote Hindutva through an oriental discourse of the Muslim community which in turn fuels discrimination against them. Hindu Nationalism is legitimized through the subjective representation of the country’s historic victories against Muslims, the invaders. In the films, stereotypical constructions of Muslims are used to forward the Hindu nationalistic agenda by presenting them as ‘the Orient’ and justifying ‘the Occidental’s’ political and cultural domination of the ‘Orient’. Such films are also encouraged through political endorsement and the crystallization of these views is evident in the public response and their participation on social media against people on the opposition side of these narratives. Research Scope and Methodology Four films are selected for the primary analysis. Their descriptions are displayed in the annex. These films are selected based on the following conditions: The films were produced after 2014 (the year BJP was elected). The films possess themes of patriotism. The main character(s) must include Muslims or be in support of Muslims. Finally, the films are popular in terms of their consumption. Hence, the films selected are among the top 10  grossing films of that year. The films are analyzed using visual and narrative analysis. Moreover, the sites of production and audience are investigated concerning the orientalism of Muslims in the Hindutva agenda. The political affiliations in the production and marketing aspect and the audience’s reception and reaction to the films are analyzed via social media and news posts.   Discussion The Hindutva ideology tries to negate in its development of the Occident, the historical fact of the longstanding settlement of Muslim communities in this country. It is evident in the country’s historical texts and monuments such as masjids, forts, and the famous Taj Mahal. This ideology intends to re-position the development of the nation that “emerged from an ancient civilization, united by a shared history, sustained by pluralist democracy (2007)” ( Sunalini and Rao, 2020, 74 )  into a singular one. The historical elements in these patriotic films legitimize Hindutva as Indian history. Before the opening scene in each film, a disclaimer is posted indicating that, “the film does not infer or claim historical authenticity or accuracy”, is “fictitious” and it “does intend hurt any person, community feelings or beliefs.” However, in the trailers or promotions of these films, they are depicted as stories based on real events or real people in history. In Padmavaat , the film put a disclaimer that the story is based on the poem and claims to be fiction. However, the characters in the film such as the Rajput king and Al auddin Khilji were real people in Indian history. The lines between truth and fiction are blurred within the films. In a way, the disclaimers permit filmmakers to construct a narrative of history in popular cinema that fits with Hindu nationalism. The first aspect of legitimizing a homogenized Indian past is to create Hindu supremacy by identifying the ‘Other’. These people or groups threaten the Hindu legacy with their invasions of the country. In Padmavaat  and Tanhaji , the invaders are identified as the Mughal empire, in The Kashmir Files , they are the militants, and in Raazi , it is Pakistan. A common characteristic of the antagonists that is highlighted in these films is their religion. Religious freedom is analogous to national freedom. This is evident in the mixed religious and nationalistic markers used in the films for both protagonists and antagonists. The protagonists blur the lines between religion and nation by using religious analogies to reflect on their experience of invasion in their empire. In Padmavaat , the Rajput king discusses with the queen, the potential arrival and interaction with Khilji (the villain). She compares the King’s meeting with Khijli to the one told in Ramayana, one of the two important texts in Hinduism. She says, “Lord Rama too  never thought that Raavan will come disguised as a sage.” As war enrages, she says, “today our soldiers stand guard, for us, they are no less than God .” She later mentions, “When Rajputs fight for their land , the echo of their swords rumbles through ages.” In Tanhaji , when Tanhaji’s son’s father-in-law says to Tanhaji’s wife, that he would agree to her conditions if it was a religious matter however, “it is for Shivaji Raje [the Hindu ruler] who is just a human being”, she replies, “he is no less than God .” As for the villains, in The Kashmir Files , when the protagonist’s grandfather is being beaten up by the antagonist, he wails, “Hail Lord Shiva”. Then, the antagonist reminds him, “if you want to stay in Kashmir, you have to say Allah is the Greatest.” In Padmavaat , Khilji tells the King before kidnapping him, “I feel a strange connection to this soil . I want to take it with me.” Then, he reminds the king, “Even God  doesn’t trust me.” In Tanhaji, Udaybhan Singh Rathore says, “I will eliminate the existence of the saffron  [colour associated with Hinduism] from the face of this Earth.” The enemies align with the “Hindutva history” of “a glorious Hindu golden age followed by an era of Muslim oppression of Hindus” ( Truschke, 2020, 4 ) and the current Hindu age remains under threat from this common enemy due to their unchanging characteristics over time. Like the dichotomist nature of war, the protagonists are also painted in opposite shades of white and black, good and evil, and finally Hindu and Muslim. As explained in Said’s Orientalism, knowledge about the Orient is generated through imagined constructs that showcase them as sharing characteristics that are not possessed by the Occident .  (Said, 1979, 39) The obvious difference between the two communities in India is their religion. The difference is visualized in contrast between the Hindu hero and Muslim anti-heroes. In the films, the Muslim antagonists are portrayed as barbaric in their ways. They take pleasure in devouring meat, as compared to Hindus who generally follow vegetarianism and treat animals sacredly such as cows. It isn’t just that they eat meat but the way they are depicted while eating it is what makes them look savage. Their amorality extends to humans in the forms of sadism. In The Kashmir Files , the antagonist takes pleasure in forcing the protagonist’s mother to eat rice soaked in the blood of her husband in exchange for her family members’ lives. In another scene, the antagonist kills the protagonist’s mother by sawing her body in half. In Padmavaat , Khilji proclaims himself as the Mughal king after beheading the former king and sticking his head on a stick. In contrast, the Hindu protagonists are on the side of morality and virtue. They are either portrayed with strong family values, respectful mannerisms and using an only necessary amount of violence against the antagonist. As for their looks, the antagonists don thick-lined eyes, wear dark clothes, and often are seen under hard and dim lighting. This is evident in both historical films of pre-Modern India, and the historical film of modern India. In contrast, the Hindu protagonists are often illuminated with soft light and colorful clothing.  The contrasts create a singular view of Muslims as people of all ill-doings. It reduces the complexity of Muslims into caricatures of oppression who need to be tamed and the only feelings between the communities are fear or hate. This construction unifies the Hindu majority by establishing themselves as superior in contrast to the Orient which is inferior in culture . By representing the Muslims in a construct that is static, unalterable, and homogenously representative, the films strengthen the hegemonic ideology of casting Hindus as the ‘original Indians’ and Muslims as the Other. It is also supported by the BJP’s populist strategy to gather majority votes. Such films receive approval and endorsements from politicians both politically and socially. To maximize distribution and viewership around the country, The Kashmir Files  is exempted from taxes in eight states ruled by the BJP. (Poddar, 2022) In two states, the government announced time off from work for government employees so that they can go watch the film. (Poddar, 2022) Moreover, the film is shared and promoted by several politicians on social media. (Poddar, 2022) Similarly, Tanhaji  was declared tax-free in at least 3 states. (CE Features 2020) Close to Tanhaji’s  release, Prime Minister Modi tweeted people to go watch this film instead of another one that had the same opening day. (Modi, 2020)   The oriental discourse is not limited to the films. “The most visible arena that Hindu nationalists treat as a battleground is social media, where they smear, dox, and threaten people with great regularity” ( Truschke, 2020, 8 ). Views that threaten the Hindutva narratives are often met with hate or are silenced. Two unsuccessful PILs were issued against The Kashmir Files  due to its one-sided portrayal of the Kashmiri Muslims and inaccurate accounts of the Kashmiri Pandits. (Ahmad, 2022) Moreover, after the film was screened in local cinemas, in a viral video, “a member of the audience in support of the film can be seen urging Hindu men to preserve their religion by marrying Muslim girls so that their population does not increase in size” (Chowdhury, 2022). Due to her association with the film, the actress playing the Queen’s role received death threats from people who disagreed with the portrayal of the Queen in a dream sequence that was eventually removed where Khili imagines being with the Queen. (Singh,  2017) When the actor playing the antagonist in Tanhaji  spoke in an interview about the film being historically inaccurate, people came out to debunk his views, trolled him on Twitter for being an ‘Islamist’ and targeted hate speech against his child. ( Koimoi.com Team, 2020) In a country where Muslims are regular targets for hate speech and violence, how do they express their patriotism? Would they ever be deemed as patriotic? In Raazi , when the main character is asked why she would take up the role of being a spy in Pakistan, she replies, “Nothing comes before my country, not even myself.” The filmmakers take up the task to depict patriotism beyond the oriental discourse. The main protagonist is a female. She is entrusted to be “the eyes and ears of the country” despite being Muslim. Both Indians and Pakistanis are viewed as patriotic for their nation outside the dichotomy of good and evil. Moreover, patriotism is evoked beyond religion. Few to no religious markers to distinguish between Pakistanis and Indians. The oriental stereotypes of Muslims discussed in the other three films were not used either. Instead, characters are motivated to act because of their country, not religion. The film takes the discussion of patriotism outside Hindutva and instead focuses on the internal conflict of doing morally questionable actions for the safety of their country. The film deals with the aftermath of patriotism. Towards the end, the protagonist sits alone in the house as she watches on TV that the Indian forces successfully deterred war between the two countries. Instead of portraying it in a celebratory note, the characters remind the audience of the loss and humanitarian crisis wars cause. As the protagonist sits next to the window, the film fades out and credits “the bravehearts who are anonymous in the history of our nation.” While the film displays this message in the context of espionage works of patriots, it also serves as an analogy to the effects of the oriental discourse on Muslims. The orient is “flat and politically homogenous in its identity” ( Truschke, 2020, 5 ).  In the process of legitimizing Hindutva as a form of patriotism, the Muslims exist in a paradoxical nation. They belong in a country where there is a “willed imaginative and geographic distinction” (Pun, 2019, 76) that pulls them apart from their nation. Annex Name of Film Plot Details Genre Muslim Char Padmaavat (2018) Rank 2nd Set in 1303 AD, Queen Padmaavat is known for her extraordinary beauty and strong sense of justice. The reigning sultan of Hindustan hears the legends of her beauty. In hopes of enslaving her, he then declares war on the Rajput kingdom. Historical Drama Allaudin Khilji Mughal emperor Male Antagonist Raazi (2018) Rank 10th Set in 1971, when the winds of war were blowing between India and Pakistan, Sehmat Khan is married into a Pakistani family so that she can get some valuable piece of information about the enemy as an undercover RAW agent. Spy Thriller Sehmat Indian spy agent Female Protagonist Tanhaji   (2020) Rank 1st In order to expand his territory, the Mughal emperor commands his army to invade the Maratha Empire which is known as Battle of Kondhala. Set in the 17th century, the movie is focuses the between the two commanders of the two empires. Historical Drama Udaybhan Singh Rathore Commander representing the Mughal emperor Male Antagonist The Kashmir Files (2022) Rank 1st The movie is about a Kashmiri Hindu college student who is raised by his exiled grandfather. After his grandfather’s death, the student begins to uncover the facts of his family members' deaths in relation to the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus in the early 1990s. Historical Drama Farooq Malik Bitta   Militant commander   Male Antagonist   References: Academic Articles Nandy, A., 1998. Introduction: Indian popular cinema as a slum’s eye view of politics.  The secret politics of our desires: Innocence, culpability and Indian popular cinema , pp.1-18. Pun, M., 2019. The East-West Dichotomy: From Orientalism to Postcoloniality.  IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) ,  24 (1), pp.75-76. Sunalini, K.K. and Rao, J.M., 2020. Shashi Tharoor’s Vision of Multicultural India. Paideuma Journal.  vol. 8, no.7, pp. 71 – 74. Truschke, A., 2020. Hindutva’s dangerous rewriting of history.  South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal , (24/25). News / Media Articles Ahmad, I., 2022. The Kashmir Files: A Half Truth – OpEd. Eurasia Review. Viewed 26 May 2022, < https://www.eurasiareview.com/26052022-the-kashmir-files-a-half-truth-oped/ > CE Features, 2020. Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior declared tax-free in Maharashtra, Ajay Devgn thanks CM. Cinema Express. Viewed 25 May 2022, < https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/jan/23/tanhaji-the-unsung-warrior-declared-tax-free-in-maharashtra-ajay-devgn-thanks-cm-16666.html > Chowdhury, D.R., 2022. The Kashmir Files: How a New Bollywood Film Marks India’s Further Descent Into Bigotry. Time100. Viewed 25 May 2022., < https://time.com/6162035/kashmir-files-india-hindu-muslim/ > Koimoi.com Team, 2020. Saif Ali Khan Gets Trolle BRUTALLY For His “I don’t think there was a concept of India till the British” Comment. KoiMoi.com . viewed 25 May 2022, < https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/saif-ali-khan-gets-trolled-brutally-concept-of-india-british-comment/ > Poddar, U., 2022. How the BJP is promoting ‘The Kashmir Files’: Modi’s endorsement, tax breaks, leave from work. Scroll.in . viewed 25 May 2022, < https://scroll.in/article/1019708/how-the-bjp-is-promoting-the-kashmir-files-modis-endorsement-tax-breaks-leave-from-work > Singh, H.K., 2017. Deepika Padukone Gets Special Security After Threats Over Padmavati. NDTV. Viewed 25 May 2022, < https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/padmavati-controversy-fringe-group-karni-sena-threatens-to-cut-off-deepika-padukones-nose-1776238 > Social Media Modi, N. (2020) [Twitter] 8 January. Available at: https://twitter.com/narendramodi177/status/1214578612185128960 (Accessed 25 May 2022) Books Said, E.W., 1979.  Orientalism . Films Padmaavat  (2018) Directed by Sanjay Leela Bansali. Available at: Amazon Prime Video (Accessed 25 May 2022) Raazi  (2018) Directed by Meghna Gulzar. Available at: Amazon Prime Video (Accessed 25 May 2022) Tanhaji  (2020) Directed by Om Raut. Available at: Disney+ Hotstar (Accessed 25 May 2022) The Kashmir Files  (2022) Directed by Vivek Agnihotri. Available at: ZEE5 (Accessed 25 May 2022) Others Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, November 23).  Bharatiya Janata Party .  Encyclopedia Britannica . https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bharatiya-Janata-Party

Skin18 Limited Entrepreneurship | Online Business | Founder | General Manager Transitioning from a busy role at Magzila event management to a part-time lecturer position was fun, but I couldn't stop exploring other potential business opportunities. This shift and opening of the startups also led me to the online business world, where I could enhance my digital marketing skills and refresh my knowledge of traditional marketing practices. I turned this venture into a company with a compelling narrative, one that was deeply rooted in my journey and experiences. These fantastic experiences have enhanced my practical expertise in IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication) and underscored our audience's integral role in Skin18's success. As an experienced lecturer, I've seen this business stay updated with the application of current digital marketing strategies to an online business. By implementing online experiences with multiple trials, Skin18 has successfully grown by targeting customers worldwide, with a major focus on the United States. This global success is a testament to the value and contribution of our audience, as well as the strategic hiring of bloggers from Pakistan, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and more. Google (Search Engines) The s tory behind Skin18: Eugenie, the founder and owner of online Korean Skincare store Skin18, believes that makeup is not a major concern if the skin is good, healthy and glowing; the search for affordable yet effective skincare products led her to search out products from places around the world allowing her to understand and experience many different. Recently, Eugenie shared the journey that led her to discover the fantastic benefits of Korean skincare and develop a company that offers some Korean skincare products, including their fantastic facial masks, to people outside Korea. The importance of skincare enrolled in the family through Eugenie's mother, who taught her that taking care of the skin is very important and should be started at a young age. Skin18's founder commented: "Being obsessed with skincare is one of our family's habits. As a busy businesswoman with two kids at a certain age, I pay extra attention to my skin. I am amazed at how Korean natural skincare and makeup have been changing my mentality that high-quality skin care does not have to be expensive." Before discovering Korean skincare, Eugenie relied on high-end and luxury brands from big cities in China, the United States, and Europe. "I happened to stumble across something truly incredible during my visit to Korea, where effective skincare is available for affordable prices. Since making the switch and incorporating home facials , my skin has been vibrant, and fine lines have also reduced." Korean skincare products combine natural ingredients and innovation to develop solutions that solve a wide range of common skin problems, such as dullness, ageing, and dryness. Perfect, glowing, and radiant skin is a sign of a healthy body and mind, and Eugenie wanted other people worldwide to benefit from Korean skincare products, such as the popular Korean face masks. A wide variety of sheet masks are available on Skin18 to suit many skin types and offer other benefits. Eugenie added, "We will ensure that every item we sell on Skin18 is authentic and fresh. The objective is to bring the best to customers; we are particularly delicate about skincare products." About: Skin18 is an online store for Korean skincare and beauty products in Hong Kong. Skin18 BELIEVES IN SKINCARE, which feeds natural ingredients & nutrition to the skin, and makeup is covered. They deliver products to countries around the world. For more information, please visit: http://www.skin18.com/ SKIN18 is an internationally recognized healthcare brand dedicated to promoting the concept of natural beauty. At SKIN18, we believe in a holistic approach to skin and health care, advocating for natural products that enhance the body’s inherent capabilities and promote overall well-being. Our philosophy centres around the idea that maintaining optimal health and beauty should come from gentle, nature-derived solutions. We take pride in creating a blogger-friendly platform that seeks partnerships with bloggers, influencers, and key opinion leaders (KOLs) across various social media and digital channels. By collaborating with these individuals, we aim to spread awareness about our products and the importance of natural skincare. Skin18 seeks to build a vibrant community that shares a passion for health and beauty while inspiring others to embrace a more natural lifestyle. Press Release: https://www.einpresswire.com/article/350085777/skin18-a-korean-skin-care-cosmetic-website-offers-freebies https://www.einpresswire.com/article/352851352/founder-of-korean-skincare-online-store-reveals-her-inspiration-behind-the-brand https://www.einpresswire.com/article/368996106/skin18-offers-latest-korean-skin-care-tips-with-a-horde-of-skin-care-products The Founder's stories: The Skin18 store was founded by a lady who believes that taking care of one’s skin is far more important than simply using makeup to hide imperfections. Perfect glowing and radiant skin is a sign of a healthy body and mind, and the Skin18 founder wants her buyers to achieve great skin through the freebies the web store is currently offering. There is a wide variety of masks available to suit many different skin types with different benefits, perfect for home facials . Skin18’s founder commented: Being obsessed about skin care is one of the habits of our family. As a busy business woman with 2 kids and at a certain age, I pay extra attention to my skin. I am amazed on how Korean natural skincare and makeup has been changing my mentality that high quality skin care does not have to be expensive.” Some digital footprint from bloggers between the year of business 2014-2018. Here are some links as references: https://www.societyartsandculture.com/article/352851352-founder-of-korean-skincare-online-store-reveals-her-inspiration-behind-the-brand https://thebombaybrunette.com/2015/07/skin18-com-website-review-your-destination-for-korean-skincare.html https://www.crazyforcosmetics.com/2015/11/skin18com-website-review-korean-face-sheet-masks.html https://www.thepinkvelvetblog.com/skin18-korean-natural-skincare-sheet-masks-tea-tree-honey-pearl-review https://www.moonshineandsunlight.com/2015/10/skin18-com-review-india.html Social Media Channels

Magzila Limited Founder (General Manage) Magzila was not founded on a passion for business, decoration, or event management. Instead, I began this company out of a deep desire to explore the possibilities of devoting my working experience to running a business. The decision to start Magzila reflected a willingness to step into the unknown, embracing uncertainty and the challenges of venturing into new domains. However, I was motivated by the hope of creating something meaningful and impactful. It's important to acknowledge that sometimes, our journeys begin not from a place of passion but from the courage to embrace new challenges and opportunities for growth. Magzila’s story serves as a testament to the idea that meaningful ventures can arise from an eagerness to challenge oneself and explore uncharted paths. It underscores the importance of resilience, adaptability, and pursuing purpose in entrepreneurship. Year 2005-2007 (Magzila Online Store) At the beginning of this business journey, I embarked on the challenging yet exciting path of starting an online shop, reselling lower-quality innovative products purchased from China to reach customers in the USA and Hong Kong. It was challenging, starting from scratch, but I poured my heart and soul into designing an online shop that reflected my vision. I created an online shop for forums and blogs, and I took the time to upload over 2,000 mini-products for sale, hoping to connect with others who might appreciate them. Despite my limited knowledge of traditional media marketing, I persevered, and through hard work and determination, I created an online store that reached customers and garnered media attention. I felt a mix of anxiety and joy when I saw my efforts recognized in TV segments, magazines, and newspapers. This journey has been a testament to the power of resilience and creativity in the face of challenges, and it reminds me that every step, no matter how small, is an important part of the process. Starting the business was a significant challenge. However, it survived for nearly two years while working towards achieving a positive return on investment (ROI). Year 2008-2010 (Magzila Decoration) The business transformation was important because the Magzila online shop was not profitable, and I felt unsure about the following steps. I tried running an online forum, starting a blog, and boosting profits through eBay and Amazon. During this time, I began exploring new possibilities for creating a successful online business. Ultimately, I realized that the original vision for Magzila was flawed. It was a harsh realization, but I learned that running a business involves navigating uncertainties and exploring opportunities with a sense of resilience. Despite my best efforts and the countless hours I dedicated to maintaining the online store, it became painfully clear that the business's sustainable odds were becoming increasingly grim. It’s a difficult journey, and I truly empathize with anyone else who has faced similar challenges. One of my friends happened to work at a PR firm and was involved in a project to decorate a double-decker bus for Chinese New Year. Her client was the Hong Kong Tourism Board. Although I had never decorated a bus before—and I doubt many people have—I was eager to seize this opportunity. Despite my limited experience in design and decorating, I successfully executed the mini-project and achieved the desired result. After completing my first project, I noticed a considerable demand for festival decoration in the local Hong Kong market. Many companies were actively seeking skilled workers to help with these decoration projects. Typically, companies turn to either construction workers or PR firms for assistance. Construction workers excel at executing design plans but cannot often create original design illustrations. On the other hand, PR firms are skilled in managing communication but don’t usually have the design or execution expertise needed for decoration work. Although PR firms can be involved in decoration projects—similar to what my friend has done—they often don’t possess the refined design skills necessary for achieving a more visually appealing outcome. With prompt action, a noticeable transformation took place. Although Magzila began as a competitively priced eCommerce site, its business model underwent frequent changes during the first one to two years. After this shift, the focus on festival decoration established a stable source of income. The business didn’t start as smoothly as I had hoped. Initially, I aimed to source affordable products for an online store, but I soon shifted the focus to a festival decoration company with a project-based pricing model. Fortunately, it felt like divine guidance when my first customer reached out after seeing my online promotion. I had the opportunity to decorate for Mother's Day, Father's Day, and the Mid-Autumn Festival, which helped kickstart my venture. After enduring 2-3 years of uncertainty about the company's future, Mazgila finally entered the decoration business, which led to smoother growth. During this time, I took the opportunity to restructure and enhance my festival design skills. I learned about various aspects of design, expanding my expertise from two-dimensional to three-dimensional designs. My skills now include everything from printing on A4 paper to creating banners and stickers, all while ensuring accurate design measurements based on on-site visits. Festival Decoration: https://www.eugenieshek.com/post/company-magzila-festival-decoration Year 2011-2016 (Magzila Event Management) Once the company had firmly established itself in the decoration industry, a subtle yet significant shift in its business model occurred after a couple of years of steady growth. Rather than solely focusing on projects related to festival decorations, Magzila began to embrace a broader scope of work by venturing into event management. This strategic decision marked a turning point for the business, expanding its offerings and allowing for a more comprehensive service until the end of its operations. Event Management: https://www.eugenieshek.com/post/company-magzila-event-management Magzila’s story serves as a testament to the idea that meaningful ventures can arise from an eagerness to challenge oneself and explore uncharted paths. It underscores the importance of resilience, adaptability, and pursuing purpose in entrepreneurship. By viewing the unknown as a landscape for innovation, Magzila has grown beyond its inception, embodying the principles of creativity, exploration, and meaningful contribution to its field. It is hard to explain the satisfaction level of launching an event or festival decoration project; the sleepless nights and over-exhausting lifestyle were negative.

The internet was introduced to the world as a concept in the late 1960s and early 1970s, evolving from ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), funded by the U.S. Department of Defense. ARPANET successfully connected its first computers in 1969, marking the beginning of the modern internet. By the mid-1990s, commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) emerged, and the Internet began reaching households globally, transforming communication, business, and entertainment. AI-Generated Image (1900, 1950, 2000, 2050) With the advent of the internet, the world has transformed digitally. To visualize the changes, we can use free image generators to create scenes of a city from 1900, 1950, 2000, and 2050, as shown in the photo, making the transformation quite obvious. To explore the interconnected dynamics of digital transformation, we must first define key terms and focus on how this process fosters disruption, spurs innovation and invention, and enhances collaboration. Digital Disruption : This means how digital technologies challenge traditional business models, creating opportunities and risks. Examples include industries like retail (e.g., e-commerce) and finance (e.g., fintech innovations). Innovation : Explore how businesses leverage digital transformation to innovate products, services, and customer experiences and stay competitive in evolving markets. Invention : Emphasize the role of digital tools in creating entirely new technologies or platforms, driving advancements like AI-powered automation, IoT devices, and blockchain. Collaboration : Address how digital platforms foster collaboration across teams, geographies, and organizations, enabling co-creation and better decision-making in a globally connected world Digital transformation involves integrating digital technology into every aspect of an organization, leading to significant changes in operations and how customer value is delivered. This transition requires a cultural shift within organizations, encouraging them to challenge existing norms, embrace experimentation, and accept failure as a part of the learning process. It is not just about adopting advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT); it also includes changes in leadership, organizational structures, workflows, and employee skill sets. Digitalization of the Media What is Digitalization? Digitalization uses digital technologies to transform existing business processes, services, or products. It involves converting analogue data into digital formats, enabling businesses and individuals to access, analyze, and use information more effectively. This shift enhances efficiency, improves decision-making, and fosters innovation across industries. Here are four critical aspects of digitalization: Data Conversion - Transforming physical records (e.g., paper files) into digital formats, making information more accessible to store, access, and share. Process Automation - Streamlining workflows using technologies like robotic process automation (RPA) to eliminate manual tasks and reduce errors. Enhanced Connectivity - Leveraging digital tools to connect people, devices, and systems, enabling real-time communication and collaboration. Customer Experience - Offering personalized, seamless services through digital channels like apps, e-commerce platforms, and chatbots. Here are some benefits of digital transformation: Operational Efficiency : Reduces costs and improves productivity by automating processes. Better Decision-Making : Access to real-time data supports analytics-driven insights. Scalability : Enables businesses to expand services digitally without significant infrastructure changes. Sustainability : Reduces reliance on paper and physical resources. Digitalization is the foundation of broader digital transformation , empowering organizations to adapt and thrive in a technology-driven world. It’s a technical shift and a strategic imperative for long-term success. Is Digital Transformation essential for an organisation? Organizations initiate digital transformation to create more efficient and innovative workflows, improve team communication, and deliver enhanced customer experiences. By leveraging these technologies, businesses can better understand customer needs, respond to market changes more agilely, and streamline operations to boost productivity. Ultimately, the goal of digital transformation is not only to keep pace with evolving market demands but also to secure a sustainable competitive advantage in an increasingly digital landscape. Integrating digital technologies into an organization can offer many benefits, especially when these technologies align with the strategic goals of digital transformation. By adopting innovative digital solutions, an organization can improve its operations, respond effectively to the constantly changing market landscape and meet future business demands. This process involves implementing digital tools and requires a comprehensive alignment of internal operations and processes. This alignment ensures the organization remains agile and competitive despite shifting consumer needs and technological advancements. Drone delivery as an example of transformation Drone delivery represents a significant transformation in logistics and supply chain management. Here are key aspects of this transformation : Technological Innovation Automation : Drones automate the delivery process, reducing the need for human intervention. Advanced Navigation : Utilizing GPS and AI for efficient route planning and obstacle avoidance. Speed and Efficiency Faster Deliveries : Drones can significantly reduce delivery times, especially in urban areas or hard-to-reach locations. Direct Routes : Drones can fly directly to their destination, avoiding traffic congestion. Cost Reduction Lower Operational Costs : Reduced labor costs and potential savings on fuel and vehicle maintenance. Scalability : Easily scalable operations to meet fluctuating demand without significant infrastructure investments. Environmental Impact Reduced Carbon Footprint : Drones can be more environmentally friendly compared to traditional delivery vehicles, primarily if powered by renewable energy. Less Traffic Congestion : Decreases the number of delivery vehicles on the road, potentially reducing overall traffic. Accessibility Reaching Remote Areas : Drones can deliver goods to remote or underserved areas where traditional delivery methods may be inefficient or impossible. Emergency Services : Useful in disaster relief or medical supply deliveries in hard-to-access locations. Customer Experience Convenience : Offers customers faster and more flexible delivery options. Real-Time Tracking : Enhanced tracking capabilities provide customers with real-time updates on their deliveries. Regulatory and Safety Considerations Regulations : The transformation also involves navigating new regulatory frameworks for airspace management and safety. Safety Protocols : Develop safety protocols to ensure safe operation in populated areas. Conclusion | Drone delivery is transforming the logistics sector by enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving customer satisfaction while posing new challenges in regulation and safety. As technology advances, the impact of drone delivery is expected to grow, reshaping how goods are transported. Amazon Prime Air is a drone delivery service that uses autonomous aerial vehicles (drones) to deliver customer packages. The service aims to: Deliver packages in 30 minutes or less Optimize the transportation of lightweight items over short distances Be a greener, safer, and more efficient way to serve customers Integrate drones into mainstream delivery systems Amazon Prime Air is operating in two US cities but plans to expand to the UK and Italy in late 2024. The expansion will include: The MK30 drone design has extended flight capabilities and can adapt to different weather conditions Integration of drone deliveries into the overall delivery network, including Same-Day Delivery sites and fulfilment centers Amazon collaborates with national and international regulators and communities in the UK, Italy, and the US to develop the program. The trials will examine how the drones: Identify and avoid other aircraft Send signals to flag their presence to others in the airspace and air traffic control. Detect and avoid other aircraft. It is possible to add value to the traditional system. The distribution channel in a traditional business is usually linear. Consider whether value can be added by converting the business to an online platform. Some elements to consider are the cost savings associated with analyzing customer behaviour, the data collection system, advanced delivery methods, a new inventory management system, and much more. Take the first step No matter what industry you are in, whether you are a freelancer, part-timer, full-time worker, or business owner, in this business revolution, it is equally important for each individual to explore the Digital Landscape , develop personal digital skills by learning some  Media Buzzwords , explore  Free Open-Source Multimedia Tools , and understand  Artificial Intelligence . Remember, Artificial Intelligence will not replace humans in the business world. Instead, it will take over most tasks at the operational level to save us time and money. At the same time, AI will create more working opportunities for us at the management and strategic levels. A business revolution  refers to a fundamental and transformative change in businesses' operations driven by new technologies, societal shifts, or economic paradigms. It disrupts traditional methods, introduces innovative practices, and redefines industries, often leading to widespread economic and cultural changes.

2016-2020 | Associate Degree  | Community College of City University / University of Wollongong College Hong Kong LEVEL | Associate Degree COURSE TITLE | Appreciation of Western Art SCHOOL | Community College of City University / University of Wollongong College Hong Kong   YEAR | 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020 This course delves into Western art from the prehistoric period to the present day. It examines various art movements and their masterpieces in painting, discussing how different artistic features are connected to historical, social, and cultural contexts. The goal is for students to learn how to appreciate painting as a meaningful part of life and better understand the relationship between art, culture, and society. The Appreciate of Western Art History This course was created for students majoring in language studies, cultural studies, humanities or art-related subjects. From a different perspective, students applied the methodology studies of a different perspective of art history. An introduction on significant art movements from prehistoric to Ancient Art, Byzantine to Gothic Art, Renaissance to Neoclassicism/Romanticism, Realism to Impressionism, Post-impression to Symbolism, Art Nouveau to Favism, Cubism to Futurism, Dad to Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art, Minimalism to Conceptual Art, Modernism to Postmodernism. Lecture notes by Eugenie Shek (UOWCHK | CGE) Prehistoric Art (40,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE) Key Features: Cave paintings, carvings, and sculptures created by early humans. Examples: Lascaux Caves (France), Venus of Willendorf. Purpose: Often related to rituals, nature, or survival. Ancient Art (3,000 BCE – 400 CE) Key Cultures: Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek, Roman. Examples: Pyramids of Giza, Greek sculptures (e.g., Discobolus), Roman mosaics. Focus: Religion, power, and idealized human forms. Byzantine Art (330 CE – 1453 CE) Key Features: Religious themes, mosaics, icons, and frescoes. Examples: Hagia Sophia mosaics. Influence: Christian symbolism and Eastern Orthodox traditions. Romanesque Art (1000 CE – 1200 CE) Key Features: Architecture with thick walls, rounded arches, and small windows. Examples: Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy, illuminated manuscripts. Purpose: Religious expression and church decoration. Gothic Art (12th – 16th Century) Key Features: Pointed arches, ribbed vaults, stained glass windows. Examples: Notre Dame Cathedral, Chartres Cathedral. Purpose: Religious architecture and divine light. Renaissance (14th – 17th Century) Key Figures: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael. Key Features: Humanism, perspective, classical influence. Examples: The Mona Lisa, Sistine Chapel ceiling. Focus: Reviving classical antiquity with a focus on human achievement. Baroque (1600 – 1750) Key Figures: Caravaggio, Bernini, Rembrandt. Key Features: Dramatic lighting, movement, emotion. Examples: The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (Bernini), The Night Watch (Rembrandt). Purpose: Evoke emotional responses, often for religious or political reasons. Rococo (1720 – 1780) Key Figures: Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Antoine Watteau. Key Features: Ornamental, playful, light colors, decorative. Examples: The Swing (Fragonard). Focus: Aristocratic lifestyle, pleasure, and romantic themes. Neoclassicism (1750 – 1850) Key Figures: Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Key Features: Order, symmetry, classical subjects. Examples: The Oath of the Horatii (David). Focus: Return to classical Greek and Roman ideals. Romanticism (1780 – 1850) Key Figures: Francisco Goya, J.M.W. Turner, Eugène Delacroix. Key Features: Emotion, nature, individualism, the sublime. Examples: Liberty Leading the People (Delacroix), The Third of May 1808 (Goya). Focus: Passionate expression, rejection of Neoclassicism’s order. Realism (1848 – 1900) Key Figures: Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet. Key Features: Focus on everyday life, the working class, and natural settings. Examples: The Stone Breakers (Courbet), The Gleaners (Millet). Purpose: Depict life as it was, rejecting idealized Romanticism. Impressionism (1860 – 1890) Key Figures: Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas. Key Features: Light, color, short brushstrokes, capturing moments. Examples: Impression, Sunrise (Monet). Focus: Immediate visual impression rather than detailed realism. Post-Impressionism (1880 – 1905) Key Figures: Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat. Key Features: Personal expression, more structure, and emotional depth. Examples: Starry Night (van Gogh), A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (Seurat). Purpose: Experimentation with form, structure, and color. Symbolism (1880 – 1910) Key Figures: Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon. Key Features: Dreamlike imagery, myths, and psychological exploration. Examples: The Apparition (Moreau), The Cyclops (Redon). Focus: Mysticism, emotions, and the unseen world. Art Nouveau (1890 – 1910) Key Figures: Gustav Klimt, Alphonse Mucha. Key Features: Flowing lines, floral patterns, organic forms. Examples: The Kiss (Klimt), posters by Mucha. Focus: Decorative art, architecture, and applied arts. Fauvism (1905 – 1910) Key Figures: Henri Matisse, André Derain. Key Features: Bold colors, abstracted forms. Examples: Woman with a Hat (Matisse). Focus: Emotion and expression through color. Cubism (1907 – 1920s) Key Figures: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque. Key Features: Geometric shapes, multiple perspectives. Examples: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (Picasso). Purpose: Deconstruct objects into their basic forms. Futurism (1909 – 1944) Key Figures: Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla. Key Features: Movement, speed, technology. Examples: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (Boccioni). Focus: Glorifying modern life and rejecting the past. Dada (1916 – 1924) Key Figures: Marcel Duchamp, Hannah Höch. Key Features: Absurdity, anti-art, ready-made. Examples: Fountain (Duchamp). Purpose: Challenge traditional concepts of art. Surrealism (1920s – 1940s) Key Figures: Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, Max Ernst. Key Features: Dream imagery, subconscious, bizarre juxtapositions. Examples: The Persistence of Memory (Dalí).Focus: Explore the mind and unconscious. Abstract Expressionism (1940s – 1950s) Key Figures: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko. Key Features: Spontaneity, emotion, large canvases. Examples: No. 5, 1948 (Pollock). Focus: Personal expression and abstract forms. Pop Art (1950s – 1960s) Key Figures: Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein. Key Features: Popular culture, mass media, bright colors. Examples: Campbell’s Soup Cans (Andy Warhol). Focus: Critique of consumerism and celebrity culture. Minimalism (1960s – 1970s) Key Figures: Donald Judd, Frank Stella. Key Features: Simple, geometric forms, industrial materials. Examples: Untitled (Donald Judd). Focus: Stripping down to the essentials of form and space. Conceptual Art (1960s – 1970s) Key Figures: Sol LeWitt, Joseph Kosuth. Key Features: Ideas as art, text-based works, dematerialization of the object. Examples: One and Three Chairs (Kosuth). Focus: Emphasis on the concept rather than the physical work. Postmodernism (1970s – Present) Key Figures: Cindy Sherman, Jeff Koons. Key Features: Irony, appropriation, blending high and low culture. Examples: Untitled Film Stills (Sherman), Balloon Dog (Koons). Focus: Questioning authenticity, narrative, and originality. Lecture notes by Eugenie Shek (UOWCHK | CGE)

Adobe has revolutionized the creative industry, emerging as a design, photography, and video editing leader in software solutions. Founded in 1982, Adobe's flagship products like Photoshop, Illustrator, and Premiere Pro have become essential tools for professionals and hobbyists alike. The company's commitment to innovation, particularly with the introduction of Adobe Creative Cloud, has made powerful creative tools accessible to millions worldwide. As digital content grows, Adobe’s focus on cloud-based services and collaboration has positioned it at the forefront of the creative revolution. Explore how Adobe's rise has shaped the future of creativity and digital storytelling. Adobe gradually became a dominant force in the design industry, with its rise attributed mainly to key software innovations and strategic acquisitions over the years. Read more in this post - Adobe is the dominant force in the design industry. Timeline of Adobe’s Rise: 1982–1987: Founding and Early Innovations Adobe was founded in 1982  by John Warnock and Charles Geschke. Its first product, PostScript , revolutionized desktop publishing by enabling high-quality printing of text and images, setting a standard for the industry. 1990: Photoshop Revolution Adobe acquired the rights to Photoshop , which was released in 1990 . Photoshop quickly became the gold standard for photo editing and graphic design, securing Adobe’s foothold in the creative market. 1999–2003: Expansion with Adobe InDesign The launch of InDesign  in 1999  disrupted the dominance of QuarkXPress in desktop publishing. Adobe’s integration of InDesign with Photoshop and Illustrator cemented its position as an all-in-one design software provider. 2005: Acquisition of Macromedia Adobe’s 2005 acquisition of Macromedia brought popular tools like Flash  and Dreamweaver  under its umbrella, further expanding its web and multimedia design dominance. 2012: Shift to Creative Cloud Adobe transitioned to a subscription-based model with Creative Cloud , launched in 2012 . This move made its tools more accessible to a global audience and positioned Adobe as an indispensable part of the design ecosystem. The “Big Brother” Status: By the 2010s, Adobe was firmly established as the leader in creative software, with its suite covering graphic design, video editing, animation, and more. Competitors like CorelDraw and QuarkXPress could not match Adobe’s comprehensive ecosystem of constant innovation. Today, Adobe dominates with tools like Photoshop, Illustrator, and Premiere Pro, which are used by professionals worldwide, making it the “big brother” of the design industry. How many applications does Adobe own? Adobe owns over 20+ applications  as part of its Creative Cloud suite, along with additional mobile and standalone apps. These tools cater to diverse industries like graphic design, video editing, photography, and digital marketing. Popular applications include Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, Premiere Pro, After Effects , and Adobe Express . Additionally, Adobe provides solutions for document management, such as Acrobat  and Adobe Sign , as well as marketing, analytics, and e-commerce platforms under its Experience Cloud offerings.  As an innovative company, Adobe has adapted to technological changes by launching and discontinuing many applications over the past few decades. We can categorize all of Adobe's applications to make this easier to understand. Adobe organizes its applications into several main categories based on their functionality and target users. These categories include: Creative Design and Digital Media : Applications such as Photoshop , Illustrator , InDesign , and Adobe Express are designed for graphic design, photo editing, and layout creation. Video and Audio Editing : Tools like Premiere Pro, After Effects, Audition, and Animate cater to video production, motion graphics, and audio editing. Photography : Lightroom (Classic and CC) and Photoshop are tailored for photographers, offering photo editing and management capabilities. Web and UX/UI Design : Apps like Adobe XD and Dreamweaver focus on user experience design, web development, and prototyping. Document Management : Acrobat, Adobe Scan, and Adobe Sign are part of the document management and e-signature solutions. Marketing and Analytics : Experience Cloud products like Adobe Analytics, Adobe Campaign, and Adobe Target support marketing and business intelligence. 3D and Augmented Reality : Tools like Substance 3D and Aero enable 3D modeling, texturing, and AR experiences. Mobile Applications : Mobile versions of Photoshop , Illustrator , Lightroom , and Premiere Rush extend creative capabilities to smartphones and tablets. Adobe’s diverse range of software ensures it covers creative, business, and technical needs for various industries and users. The challenge of Adobe: With the rising popularity of Open Source Applications , Adobe has faced significant challenges in maintaining its dominance in the creative software market. Open-source tools like GIMP , Inkscape , and Blender  provide cost-free alternatives to Adobe’s subscription-based services, appealing particularly to freelancers, small businesses, and educational institutions. While often less feature-rich than Adobe’s, these tools provide sufficient functionality for many users and foster a growing community of contributors. An open-source application   is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. The Open Source movement began in the late 20th century, gaining significant traction in the 1980s with the Free Software Foundation's efforts to promote software freedom. Examples of current free tools include GIMP , an image editing software; Inkscape, a vector graphics editor; Canva, a graphic design platform; Freepik, a resource for free graphic assets; and WIX, a website builder offering free templates and tools. Although competitors like Canva , Figma , and Affinity  are gaining popularity due to their simplicity and affordability, Adobe’s advanced capabilities and versatility continue to attract professionals requiring robust, high-performance tools. Its widespread use in education and businesses solidifies its position as a leader in graphic design software. Additionally, open-source applications emphasize flexibility, allowing developers and users to modify the software to suit specific needs, something Adobe’s proprietary systems do not permit. Though not open-source, platforms like Figma  add further competition by offering affordable, collaborative design tools that directly challenge Adobe’s core features. Adobe's response to Open-Source-Application | AI features - Adobe Sensei Adobe has responded by integrating advanced AI features like Adobe Sensei  and expanding its cloud-based services through Creative Cloud. However, the recurring subscription model remains a point of contention for some users, prompting them to explore open-source or one-time-payment alternatives. Unlock Creativity with Adobe Sensei Adobe Sensei is an innovative AI and machine learning framework that transforms the way creatives work. Integrated into Adobe's suite of tools, Sensei automates repetitive tasks, enabling users to focus on their artistry. With features like intelligent image tagging, smart editing in Photoshop, and personalized content recommendations, Adobe Sensei enhances productivity and creativity. It analyzes data to provide valuable insights, optimizing marketing strategies in Adobe Experience Cloud. By harnessing the power of AI, Adobe Sensei empowers users to produce stunning visuals and compelling content with greater efficiency and ease. Discover the future of creativity with Adobe Sensei! Adobe has established itself as a leader in digital creativity and innovation, continually pushing the boundaries of design and technology. From its groundbreaking software like Photoshop and Illustrator to its expansion into marketing, analytics, and 3D design, Adobe has transformed how individuals and businesses create and interact with digital content. As industries evolve, Adobe remains at the forefront, enabling users to express their creativity, enhance productivity, and achieve their goals. Explore Adobe’s journey and discover how it continues to shape the digital landscape by fostering innovation and meeting the ever-changing demands of the creative world.

Project | Cyberbullying in digital media platforms Student | Ihtisham Fazal | https://www.linkedin.com/in/ihtisham-fazal-55a980186/ Course | BCM332 Global Media Interventions Assignment | A Digital artifact with a wide scope for creativity and experimentation which can take the form of a public service announcement (PSA), micro mashup, rhetorical remix montage sequence, micro-narrative/drama, satirical news story, etc. Whatever the form and style, the audio-visual work must express critical thinking and reflection on a specific topic/issue explored in this subject. School | University of Wollongong College Hong Kong Program | Bachelor of Communication and Media License summary | The author (student) of the work owns the copyright. Please copy this link at the footer of your website, blog, or newsletter, or in the credits section (http://www.eugenieshek.com) , or contact the student for attribution.

COURSE AIMS | This course aims to develop students’ ability to design and create multiplatform digital content as part of a public relations campaign. They will learn classic and contemporary theories and applications of design and apply them to the analysis, conceptualization, planning and execution of the campaign that will feature both print and online-based collaterals. Students will gain practical hands-on skills with industry-level digital production software, which can be applied within a wide range of academic and professional contexts. LEVEL | Associate Degree COURSE TITLE | Digital Media Communication SCHOOL | Community College of City University / University of Wollongong College Hong Kong YEAR | 2019-2020, 2020-2021

Discrimination is always a global topic. Hong Kong, for being an international city with a mix of cultures, are Hong Kong people really civilized about nationality, skin colors, and even jobs of people living and working here? How is the life of different minority groups here? Are they treated differently because of their races? Every year, 60 million people travel to Hong Kong for different reasons. Some come for a vacation, some come for a short business trip, and some decided to stay and realized their dream. In this documentary, we will follow two non-Chinese persons who live in Hong Kong. In this documentary, we will follow two non-Chinese persons who live in Hong Kong. One is a Filipino worker, Mayrel Winnig and one is an immigrant from Canada, Derrick Stone. Both of them them moved to Hong Kong to realize their dreams, and how different their lives could be? Title of the video | Colors of Hong Kong Duration | 15:27 Link | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYsz2DgZukM Out of the 7-million population of Hong Kong, 92% is ethnic Chinese and 8% is of other non-Chinese groups. Among this non-Chinese population, half of them are Filipinos and Indonesians. When you go to popular neighborhoods like Central and Wan Chai on any Sunday, you will be guaranteed to see groups and groups of south-east Asian women gathering together on the streets. Who are they? They are domestic helpers working for families in Hong Kong. When you go up to the Soho area in Central where bars and restaurants cluster, you will see a very different scene - Westerners. Usually, Caucasians enjoy a cocktail and spend a good time with friends. To them, this area is where they can enjoy western living styles with affordable prices. These expatriates usually have a very decent job in Hong Kong and have a fairly good living standard. No matter what color you are, what occupation you have and how much you own, you can always live a happy and rewarding life if you know what your goal is and work hard towards it. In Hong Kong, a magical city loved by millions of people, people from all different kinds of background work hard every day to realize their dream and bring happiness to their loved ones.